Perbandingan Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia dan Belanda dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Keywords:
Comparative Criminal Law, Corruption, Governance Culture, Institutional Integrity, Law Enforcement EffektivnessAbstract
Corruption has posed persistent challenges to both Indonesia and the Netherlands, two jurisdictions with distinct legal traditions, institutional designs, and political cultures. This study examined how each country developed its criminal law framework to address corruption and how institutional and societal dynamics shaped the effectiveness of its implementation. Using a literature-based comparative approach, the study identified substantial differences in their enforcement models. Indonesia relied on a specialized anti-corruption body that operated as an external corrector of weaknesses in internal state oversight, whereas the Netherlands embedded integrity mechanisms, administrative transparency, and coordinated enforcement within its general justice system without creating a separate agency. Beyond mapping these structural differences, this study contributes to comparative anti-corruption scholarship by demonstrating that variations in enforcement effectiveness are less attributable to normative criminal law design than to the interaction between institutional stability, governance maturity, and legal culture. The analysis showed that criminal law provisions alone were insufficient to curb corruption in either jurisdiction; rather, the stability of enforcement institutions, the strength of compliance culture, and the maturity of governance structures played decisive roles in determining outcomes. By situating legal norms within their broader institutional and cultural contexts, this study offers an analytical framework that can inform reform-oriented debates in countries with similar governance constraints. The findings further indicated that Indonesia would benefit from sustained institutional consolidation, consistent enforcement practices, and broader civic engagement with public ethics to enhance the long-term effectiveness of its anti-corruption framework.
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